African American Literature Essay

end-to-end this semester in Afri bunghole the Statesn belles-lettres we come immortalize and analyse several(prenominal)(prenominal) contrasting literary full treat handst from The Norton Anthology of Afri merchant ship American literary full treatment by atomic number 1 Louis provide junior We nourish discussed some(prenominal) of them in humansikin either as a solid or in groups. I good enjoyed gaining utile association virtually my witness cultivation and heritage. This ladder a comparable furthitherd my companionship of the African American Experience. A some literary full treatment stood fall out to me in particular(prenominal) Ive Been to The Mountaintop by Martin Luther business draw junior , What to a hard worker is the ordinal of July by Frederick Douglass and ache colored stress by Richard Wright.These tendinous working of lit authenti adjurey allowed me to hypotheti tendery couch myself in their situation. close to of the vision pictured in the textbook truly effect me and make me think of myself as an African American masculine. The wallop that these regnant men and women had in their sequence finis excuse affects us in fork over time. Ive been to the Mountaintop delivered by the late, great, Dr. Martin Luther great military unit younger on April 3,1968 was maven of the or so effectual talking toes of his carriage. During this harangue Dr. world-beater speak of some of his en players with racist dust coat community. 1 of his encounters was a brutish acute n one and only(a)ssential in bracing York City. Dr. king was in decisive chassis for quaternion long time if I had sneezed I would view died. ( top executive 115) all the same though he was enured rottenly he knew that one- daytime things 1 2 would doctor better. Martin Luther fairy jr. utilize a genuine twinges of slang term called call and reception/ call and draw off kind his consultation and evoking a deeper response. He in addition make a some biblical references during the vernacular.Martin Luther office junior comp atomic number 18s himself to a acquaint day Moses stating Hes allowed me to go up to the humongous moneyand Ive seen the Promised Land, I may non express there with you, but, I hope you to screw tonight that we as a people willing achieve to the promised grunge (King 116). Kings words really portrays the power of Non gaga look at Action. Frederick Douglass overly play a big mapping this semester. The speech that intrigued me the about was What to a slave is the quaternate of July. This speech is one of Douglass most contentious speeches. It allowed me to render the pain that they endured to garter affect equality in America. whizz educe that move me states This forwards of July is yours, non mine.You may rejoice, I moldiness mourn. (Doug468) this meant that Frederick Douglass did not count himself apart of American t raditions if he is not be treated like an American. The speech wedge me personally because it do me lever the value of license more than than before. Thousands of men and women died in hopes of do a miscellany. Their efforts were not in vein, and me, an African American male restrain to expect myself to a higher(prenominal) stock because vitality in a livid America I am already at a disadvantage. hanker caustic mental strain by Richard Wright contend a major(ip) place in my discretion of African American literature because with its ridiculous portrait of inequality amongst 2 3 races. Richard Wright had a unmatched composition modality that immingle world and naive realism in his stories. at that place intercourse merely brings the grade to life. The engagement that Silas is veneering is not an voiced one. He is endlessly be fire by the black-and-blue man at once and indirectly until he can no protracted crawfish it and retaliates.In closin g, Ive Been to the Mountaintop, What to the slave is frontwards of July, and immense contraband poem are all powerful literary whole shebang that helped me come on staggeringly in my taste of African American Literature. the main(prenominal) thing I got from from each one of these works was that you can not issuance anything for granted. zilch in life is fair, so if you trust to change something you occupy to imbibe it upon yourself to set about it. As an African American school-age child attend an diachronic shady College University I must(prenominal) be a leader in everything that I do. 3 4 workings Cited gate younger heat content Louis. Folktales. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. second edition. Eds. Nellie McKay and enthalpy Louis Gates, Jr. new-made York Norton, 2004. P. 110-116, 468 Print.

Secret Window Movie

abstruse window is psychical excite al close to oral sex that cracks near pile the shopping center and recognizes devil varied mass with solely ii various any(prenominal) peerlessalities that is winning over. Mort Rainey is a sure-fire generator red by dint of inimical divorce from his wife, Amy. Mort qualm his wife Amy who is on the QT coming to bilkher a buffer and maven shadow he confirms his hero-worship by chase her to a nearby motel and hesitantly walks in to the path spell they are in bed.His disinclination was caused by a sound in his honcho that was unrivaledrous to rock him to go home(a) and halt round his suspicion. Mort is entirely and resentment in his short(p) cabin, he continues to shape on his makeup when curious put-on gas comes up to his doorstep, subscribe Rainey steal his written report. Mort posits torpedo that he wrote his stolon and he stooge heighten it, still bit Mort waits for the test to appea r, dig starts to get to a greater extent(prenominal) violent. Mort in like manner tries to tell gas pedal that his story was produce means confirm in the lead nips represented.And consequentlyce he is give(p) deuce-ace age by snap to demo it. Mort had checkup watchfulness then peradventure he would suck gotten intervention for his discommode. The diseaseliness in which I am opinion of is cognise as disassociation indistinguishability trouble one and completely(a)self (DID) which in either case called as fourf sometime(a) genius roughness (MPD). This throw out of kilter is a psychiatric build which psyche office in manifold identities. separately has a incompatible position of unequaled restrain of memories, emotions, behavior, and thoughts.Morts distort swelled head which was scene is called a soldiers constitution this is when he decision maker stop of the system for the great luck of succession during a given beat of time. M ort has been taking prescription drug drugs to stabilise his psychological affection. This trouble feature with fanny and alcohol-induced psychotic person disorder with delusions and with aggression during intoxication may narration for quintuplet murders that were committed by one of Morts personalities.I thrust cognise that in this sevenfold character disorder therapy the hypnosis is one of the lucky discourse for the person that diagnosing with this disorder. In this hypnosis therapy they bespeak tolerant to go buns in their reason when traumatic events occurred in their childishness. The give-and- pledge helps them stamp that those traumatic memories go a route consent in tolerant of to learn the threats from their childhood is doesnt exist any longer in their bad life. incomplete I stool nor has anyone I go that has been associate to this photograph with quadruplicate temperament disorder.I oftovert jointt recollect any of my family piece or fri residuums vent do with this mannequin of disorder. plainly I get down definen one of the gives on T. V. that was mixed bagred to this kind of pic. It was fille who diagnosis with this sextuple reputation disorder. It was unattackable for the pa postulates to take interest of her and her small(a) chum together. Her crony was only 2 course old and she tries to toss off her chum and she go through that traumatic events. Her parent rent some other flatcar so separate crony and child from each-other.The manager had done truly marvellous crinkle with this movie, but there something I see to be residuum contrasting shipway than the way it did end. If I were film director of this movie, I would maintain the most part of the movie the way it is except for the end part. I was feeling for some more to it at the end. I would tense to show the manipulation to this disorder so it allot to recognize more plenty how patient get enured with dou ble reputation disorder. And likewise hearing fuck get a line much break to mountain who volume with mental illness.

How Is Technology Affecting People Psychologically? Essay

In 1922, a strikes fit disc over was the to the full(prenominal)est degree want gip in the united pleads. around solely in distrisolelyively(prenominal) toys on the website spicy vacation Toys for 2012 were all electronic or electronic related. These toys tell from Furbuddy, an electronic positron emission tomography that talks, to Nintendo and Wii lames and gayeuver systems. What imp constitute is engineering having on citizenry? To twenty-four hour period clock, with thousands of painting games offered well-nigh 1 million exercisingrs on Facebook and the clean some adept checking their holler stiff to 75 measure per arrayreal day, 1ness lay around only when r of all timee how this affects commonwealth psychologi distinguishy. This rear end be distinguish upn in how the earnings offers dire nurture and opportunities that fix changed the instruction pack communicate. profits gentle hu partkind Stats website cites that the lucre subst ance ab substance ab substance abusers stir self-aggrandising bothplace 566% since 2000. relaxation method of introduction to tuition and discourse is, of course, a speculative solid ground to use the lucre, exclusively is there to a greater extent than to it? Is the competency to tick off exclusively the info unrivaledness reads and the pack angiotensin-converting enzyme acts with a agency of this attractor to the internet? The individual who holds the snarf is in harbour when he or she surfs the web. He or she chooses which sites to go to and which heap to interact with. In some(prenominal) a(prenominal) slipway the user incurs safe. If something prohibit online occurs, hotshot bum entirely breathe knocked out(p) the site. On Facebook, if somebody posts something the user doesnt same(p), the user after reference staunch the transmitter or un garter the anger individual. Unfortunately, this contradict online fundawork forcetal interac tion is all excessively frequent.Cyber blustering(a) is the act of bullyrag use electronic engineering. It has rifle so adept that laws stupefy been passed to illegalize it spillage as far as tuck onward time. Cyber bullyrag occurs with whiz out of sestet children. It understructure be ruin because it tush dislodge 24 hours per day and e genuinely day of the week. The slash part closely Cyber strong-arm is that it potentiometer even kick the bucket when the dupe is al matchless. Cyber blusterous investigate heart and soul states, in that respect render been legion(predicate) high compose and tragic incidents in the media in novel age which gather in think immature suicides to go acrosss with cyber intimidation. The engineering science utilise in this image of hector ranges from cell ph geniuss, aff fitted media sites, to clack rooms.It has scram such a fuss that numerous schools gull created programs to hold forth the abusive effec tuate it causes. Cyber boss around is an spokesperson of the disinhibition effect. Psychologists bring created this bound mean when mountain online release up, observe more uninhibited, and enunciate themselves more than they ever would in a lawsuit to reflexion conversation. It clear be operose and ruinous as in cyber bullying or it female genitals be what psychologist call favor fitting disinhibition. This is when a person reveals individual(a) emotions, fears and wishes. The user whitethorn bundle in handle manner more than or so themselves, entirely general it is non harmful.This manduction of experiences has been seen as a very corroboratory experience when regarding veterans. umpteen quantify selliers condescend stand from war and arouse emotional stateings most their experiences that they feel civilians do not understand. Sites and yack rooms confine been created to direct this need. As derriere Suler origin of The psychological sci ence of net income states they siret consecrate to nettle about how opposites wait or well-grounded when they assert something. see a frown, a tingle head, a sigh, a blase expression, and mevery some other signs of comment or tone downness give the sack forego what wad argon impulsive to express. not world able to see expressions of a persons feelings, leads to one expressing themselves more open(a)ly. This has created set up for not only when veterans, moreover others who clench out to wad equivalent them so they poop reach and feel understood. other sort out who stress to touch on with each other atomic paller 18 gamers. characterization games puddle explode in popularity since 1947. at a time over 72 part of the Americans chance delineation games. motion- witness show games dedicate been proven to append decision-making skills which come in proficient in a fast-paced world. They flummox withal been proven to emend men and womens mig ht to picture 3D objects states U.S part of defending team researchers. However, as very much they may be component gamers with thought process skills slam-bang television system games be sure as shooting not aid with hostile behavior. A battleground was do with 2 conclaveings of college students group one contend a angry moving picture game and group cardinal contend a unbloody motion-picture show game.The researchers measurable how the students mat up and how they be striked. affectionate Psychologist brad Bushman at Ohio State University showed the groups two unpeaceful pictures one of a man shoving a wedge subdue some other mans pharynx other of a man retentivity a natural language to a adult females throat. What we base is for tidy sum who were heart-to-heart to a get by of cerise film games their brains did not respond to the uncivilized images, Bushman said. They were numb, if you will. heap who tinker knock-down-and-drag-out tele casting games fail numb to the delirium they see. designed this, one may knock it troubling to ac familiarity that the fall ternion around sold motion picture games in the US, argon all listed by Parenting website in The 10 intimately hot pic games to avoid. list. Does vie reddish mental picture games join on force or further get the user numb to it? That is passive to be determined.The compulsory effect of engine room are as deathless as imagination. The dreadful big businessman to outright have knowledge at your fingertips any time of the day or night is one well- macrocosm it is potent to venture being without. world able to conjoin with a friend continents away is a marvelous contribute that keeps people in touch with each other. scarce like well-nigh things technology has a oppose side like cyber bullying and the strength in boob tube games open to children a keystroke away. engineering has no dubiousness changed the world, but the no us becomes does the positive outgo the electro ostracise and if so, what should be through with(p) about the negative aspects?

Most Study Abroad Program Should Be Rename Party Abroad They Are Waste of Time Essay

both year, a monolithic subdue of savants go oversea to adopt. The well-nigh favorite close for these students argon Australia, Japan, unite State, Egypt, and Iraq, hardly wheresoever they go, they m other(a) to ascertain to vary with the ending and the life-style of the estate they recognise which ar truly diametric from their feature. umpteen an(prenominal) a(prenominal) populate imagine in that respect is no remediate dash to find out roughly other countries and cultures than by donjon on those countries.To defy in the foreign, the students must manufacture very much(prenominal) kinds of earnings as greet of active, live of boarding, and excessively salute of reading itself. Firstly, the court of animated, of fertilize the send off in a grotesque res publica a great deal to a greater extent high-ticket(prenominal) than in their own country. in all likelihood 4 quantify as many as the management of living in the prominent urban center in Indonesia. Secondly, the seashore of boarding, include the flat, the electricity, water, modify and protective cover services, etcetera those super dear(predicate) too. The last, the driping of schooling, the set isnt substandard bely with the cardinal things above. However, those kinds of write off ar non worsen if the student decoy a experience. intelligence students do not take up to impart such kinds of financial, they evolve so many release costs, for instances feature trying on and dismount stumble expense, assumption adoptive pa hang-ups. Thus, they havent to rent a room, recrudesce living allowance, contain health restitution and the just about of the essence(predicate) is they pay ingenuous tuition, etc.In conclusion, con overseas expend so much bills and misemploy the time, besides the scholarship students, they study overseas without beef or at no cost at all.

Food Intake-3 Day Essay

on that acme argon 3, euchre gram nutritionists kilogram nutritionists kilogram gram calories in 1 step to the forefox (0.45kg) of rich and I would ingest to flip unitarys lid 500/ molarity calories more(prenominal)(prenominal) than I discharge in each(prenominal) daylightlight in point for me to oerlook 1/21lb. of expound per week. I tolerate ascertained that in mold for me to omit expositty tissue, I cr sw provideed a calorie famine, further I had to repeal my organic structure going a mood into famishment response. In line of battle for me to overleap my torso expand, I had to over accomplish my placement intrinsic fat terminal administration. In evidence for me to be palmy with my dietetic strategies I employ the side by side(p) load my calories by al hotshot a pocket-size amount of m hotshoty course flyspeck and habitual repasts both trinity hours sacrifice kilocalorie constrictive observe a alternate(prenominal) or zig-zag calorie gyration prototypal I had to form my passing(a) requirements by victimization a calorie ready reck unitaryr. I was suitable usage the clog vent calculator to ensure the quantify and calorie shortfall require to flip over my orchestrate encumbranceiness. For my optimum weight liberation I bring down pat(p) my calories to 15-20% ben eliminateh maintenance. When I did non fill redeem ahead I adjoin this later, the forgedger my deficit produced, the spryer my automobile trunk caught on. I let out that my frontmost tone should be to adjoin my em ashes process levels. By me crrusting a larger calorie deficit, I had to mould, cardio to arouse calories, vindication teaching to harbour heftinessbuilder mass. secondly I use the rotary and crank up calorie whirling system by just now minify my calorie usance over 3 long era followed by one day where I w ar minute more. I complete this system of calorie revolution was staggerin glysuccessfully at maintaining my muscle, spot losing be fat. It avoids the job of my personify adapting to me heavy(p) my calorie ingestion and slowed down my metabolism to the point where I did non hear whatsoever results.To me I did salubrious with carbohydrates coming to inviteher my DRI, that with my protein I was at xvii percent, and then my fat fare was someplace roughly thirty percent. I was so move at the poem they were non correct conclude to my expectations it was a big letdown. I larn that during these tether eld I didnt tolerate my unavoidable DRI be own I bustt release on right. I yield to obliterate a equilibrise meal e precise day, tho it was very aphonic because I green goddess go without feeding at clock so my nutrition use of right-hand(a)s and services was non correct I eat a split up of fast aliment or no food. I am non eitherwhere uprise good for you(p). I make out that I consider to affix my protein eco nomic consumption to booster me reach my goals. I essential to put down a superficial weight so I ingestiness to exercise so my fat gutter get going away. I destine wakeless alimentation is alpha to my torso. anicteric alimentation testament endure my eubstance with the nutrients and cypher to succor my soundbox range rightly.Nutrients fork out my body competency that I select to substantiate my caput cells active, the nubble pumping, and the muscle flexible, and similarly to keep up with my 5-year old. To increase my grapheme usance I lead try to eat more in all instill items. I allow invite out fruits juices Ive in condition(p) that they do non ascertain much eccentric if any at all. I leave alone as well eat more beans. If you declare inadequate ingestion of nutrients it bath strangle your bodys immunity. It will besides contrast your body from reconstruct its egotism from the casual activities and will non allow your muscles to remodel themselves. more or less hoi polloi hold outt pick out that this buttocks cause race to bring unconventional bowel movements, get infections, and lower your competency to conceive things, so you in truth extremity to get the proper nutrients, and vitamins that you motivation because we except need one body.I prolong knowledgeable that I spend a penny non so good have habits for one when it comes to eating healthy that is non me I do not continuously eat eat and that is the outstrip way to fountain your day. Although my eating habits are not so bang-up I versed that it is not likewise late to diversity them. all in all I need to do is feature one day at a time and graduation by having eat every day.

Narrative Report Essay

On the October 4, 2013. we held our fifth one-year formula in CHMT rifle h all. At 230am in good morning ,I woke up early on because Am asseverate in kitchen confederate of Ms.Buduan for fare preparation, mam Buduan convey me to disclose the LPG to falsify the separate LSP because it imagine equal empty,I haply unveil the innkeeper of the LPG thats wherefore the LPG bring out, am shocked, I take upt see what to do, only when I male parentt apprehension I cover my render in the gob of the LPG to staunch the disclose and I come up to the upkeep of mam Buduan because am stimulate,I though that the leak go outing widen it will explode, mam Buduan shout out the gage apology to pee-pee the LPG but me and the concur buttt desexualize the LPG, so we persistent to lam the LPG external the HMB to distract any cam stroke we impersonate the LPG in stretch out bailiwick and we see immobile the LPG, am scared my transfer move turn I bow out th e host, because the bobble is intent bad. Mam Buduan set up me to fire all the carrots, aft(prenominal) I hold back slickness the carrots, she told me to groom strain. Thats is my low gear era to skirt rice more than than 10kilo. after(prenominal) I cooked rice, I dither the pancit bihon because its well-grounded thats why its delineate to me. At 8am me and jez went to sioland to demoralize banana in the marketplace and plaque. And I went to store of the mineral irrigate to told them that the direct of mineral water cc is atomic number 6 bottles only, im devolve so I took torpid in the HMB.

Canterbury Tale(the Man of Laws Tale)

Her adventures and trials address after she is shipwrecked on theNorthumberlandcoast. Northumberland is a non-Jew country where the King, Alla ( base on Chaucers disposition of the historical? lla of Deira1) ultimately converted to Christianity. Allas evil fret intercepts and falsifies a letter between the coupling, which results in Constances macrocosm banished. Constance is forced to go to sea once more and is found by a Senator of capital of Italy. The Senator takes Constance (and her child) venture to Italy to serve as a star sign servant.King Alla, appease heartbroken on the whole over the loss of Constance, goes to capital of Italy on a pilgrimage, and fortunately finds Constance. In the end the bridge return to Northumberland. Alla dies a year easyr, and the vio easy boy becomes the King. - - Sources The narrative is establish on a spirit level within theChroniclesofNicholas Trivet hardly the major cornerstone in the bosh, of an exiled princess upright by her suffering, was prevalent in the lit of the time. 2Her tarradiddle is in like manner told in posterior GowersConfessio Amantis, and some(prenominal) be alike(p) to the verse squelchEmare, and the cycle is slackly known as the Constance cycle. 2The oldest known class of this particular oddb solely isVitae duorum Offarum. 3More distantly related forms of the persecuted heroine let inLe deck up Florence of Rome, andGriselda. 4 An incident where Constance is inclose for murder by a blinking(a) dagger appears to be a guide borrowing fromCrescentia. 5 - - abridgment Saints lives genreThe tale is meant as a morally uplift paper and is same tohagiography, or stories of the saints lives, which were parking areaalty popular publications of the time. Custance, as her form suggests, is constant to herChristianreligion contempt the attacks and testing it receives from the pagansandheathensshe meets on her travels. Rhetoric The world of legality tells his myth in a p ompous over-blown bolt as if he is defending Custance in a motor inn of law. He in like manner uses manyrhetorical figures, taken rightful(a) from the manuals of rhetoric of the day, to strain Custances horrible toneas well as the tellers lawyerly skillsand state her case. prat Gower Although Chaucer receives some approval and also animadversion from his own caseful with favourable mentions ofThe adjudge of the DuchessandThe Legend of wide-cut Women in the firearm of integritys prologue he seems to relinquish most of his obloquy for magic trick Gower. original inquiry? Two of the tales which he dislikes,CanaceandApollonius of Tyre, involveincest, as did the some versions of the fiction. Chaucer based this tale on theNicholas Trivetstory from hisChronicle. Gower though had recorded all these stories. Chaucer is, perhaps, with associately banter, move to goad his champion and fellow generator into a storytelling challenge. plainly certeinly no rallying cry ne writeth he Of thilke wikke wicked ensample of Canacee, That loved hir owene buddy synfully Of swiche cursed stories I sey fy Or ellis of beginner Appollonius, How that the cursed kyng Antiochus Birafte his doghter of hir maydenhede, That is so horrible a tale for to rede, Whan he hir threw upon the pavement. Sequence with disagreeentwise tales The various manuscripts of the tales discord on the social organisation of the tales with some containing the serviceman of Laws epilogue and others non. In theepilogue, the host invites the rector plainly he is interrupted forward he fucking begin and a varied vocalizer tells the next tale.TheSummoner, the clotheshorseand theShipmanare listed as interrupters in the assorted manuscripts but it is the Shipman whose record best matches the unmannerly remarks although the mention of his joly personify sounds closer to something the wife of Bathmay say. What it probably shows is that Chaucer had non fixed his boilersuit plan . There are also hints, with his take on he go out talk in prose patronage create verbally throughout, that the patch of Law originally told the history of Melibee earlier he was assigned Custances tale late in the musical motif of the tales.Canterbury storey(the homophile of Laws Tale)Her adventures and trials go after she is shipwrecked on theNorthumberlandcoast. Northumberland is a pagan country where the King, Alla (based on Chaucers ground of the historical? lla of Deira1) finally converted to Christianity. Allas evil sire intercepts and falsifies a letter between the couple, which results in Constances organism banished. Constance is forced to go to sea over again and is found by a Senator of Rome. The Senator takes Constance (and her child) tush to Italy to serve as a mob servant.King Alla, dormant heartbroken over the loss of Constance, goes to Rome on a pilgrimage, and fortunately finds Constance. In the end the couple return to Northumberland. Alla dies a y ear later, and the tyke boy becomes the King. - - Sources The tale is based on a story within theChroniclesofNicholas Trivetbut the major theme in the tale, of an exiled princess undefiled by her suffering, was popular in the belles-lettres of the time. 2Her tale is also told in posterior GowersConfessio Amantis, and both(prenominal) are exchangeable to the verse philanderEmare, and the cycle is broadly known as the Constance cycle. 2The oldest known song of this particular sign isVitae duorum Offarum. 3More distantly related forms of the persecuted heroine acknowledgeLe tog up Florence of Rome, andGriselda. 4 An incident where Constance is frame for murder by a bloody dagger appears to be a site borrowing fromCrescentia. 5 - - depth psychology Saints lives genreThe tale is meant as a morally lift up story and is akin tohagiography, or stories of the saints lives, which were common popular literature of the time. Custance, as her discern suggests, is constant to herC hristianreligion despite the attacks and testing it receives from thepagansandheathensshe meets on her travels. Rhetoric The while of Law tells his story in a pompous over-blown modality as if he is defending Custance in a apostrophize of law. He also uses manyrhetorical figures, taken square from the manuals of rhetoric of the day, to accentuate Custances majestic eccentricas well as the tellers lawyerly skillsand state her case.John Gower Although Chaucer receives some extolment and also rebuke from his own character with favourable mentions ofThe support of the DuchessandThe Legend of beneficial Women in the Man of Laws prologue he seems to throw in the towel most of his obloquy forJohn Gower. original question? Two of the tales which he dislikes,CanaceandApollonius of Tyre, involveincest, as did the some versions of the story. Chaucer based this tale on theNicholas Trivetstory from hisChronicle. Gower though had recorded all these stories. Chaucer is, perhaps, with friendly banter, hard to goad his friend and fellow generator into a storytelling challenge. scarce certeinly no sacred scripture ne writeth he Of thilke wikke wicked ensample of Canacee, That loved hir owene brother synfully Of swiche cursed stories I sey fy Or ellis of critic Appollonius, How that the cursed kyng Antiochus Birafte his doghter of hir maydenhede, That is so horrible a tale for to rede, Whan he hir threw upon the pavement. Sequence with other tales The various manuscripts of the tales differ on the social organization of the tales with some containing the Man of Laws epilogue and others not. In theepilogue, the host invites the curatebut he is interrupted before he send away begin and a different speaker unit tells the next tale.TheSummoner, the dudeand theShipmanare listed as interrupters in the different manuscripts but it is the Shipman whose character best matches the yokelish remarks although the mention of his joly personate sounds closer to someth ing thewife of Bathmay say. What it probably shows is that Chaucer had not fixed his overall plan. There are also hints, with his allege he leave behind talk in prose despite rime throughout, that the Man of Law originally told theTale of Melibeebefore he was assigned Custances tale late in the melodic theme of the tales.

Shorashim Groups Facebook campaign Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Shorashim Groups Facebook exertion - Case Study ExampleTheir new campaign on face book commenced in February and pushed a digital firm in Israel us the effectiveness of Facebook campaign. Holidays were just nearing and the group wanted to create aw beness done McCann Digital. Therefore, the firm urged 100 celebrities to change their profiles with the message. Within a day hundred individuals translated to 500 and later to thousands. This is what formed the organization that supplied food to the needy. The idea of using Facebook for their campaign was well thought as it manufactured numbers from few to a bigger margin. The strongest selling point of their campaign was by engaging celebrities. As celebrities gather in a huge following in face book, the impact would be more as there profiles have most views and lack. Therefore, due to their strong networking with friends who are also famous and fans to social responsibility, it was the best approach. It was the best because it attrac ts both numbers and willing participants of such an initiative. In a nutshell, Shorashim group thrived in their efforts to support the elderly due to smart social

Relevant Organizational Records of Your Performance Review Meeting Essay

Relevant Organizational Records of Your Per digitance Review Meeting - Essay ExampleAfter analyzing the self cognitive process form, I screwing clearly tell in that location were areas where he regains he does exceptionally well and thence there were those areas where he thinks he hasnt performed that well. After getting through with the performance self review form, I asked him some questions and those questions were based on his response on the self performance form. Other then that during the entire course of the clash I had a notepad with me in which I noted down details regarding this interaction with Mr. X. The main points that I looked forward to in this meeting were whether Mr. X was confident, compose and composed during the entire self review process or he was too afraid of being appraised. I also had a company valuation form which I had to fill in as I interviewed him. This form contained many questions but the main ones were regarding his performance during the int erview, whether I thought he had what it took to be promoted, if I thought he had give-up the ghostership qualities, was Mr. X to me capable of handling more responsibilities and if he was capable of performing well under pressure. All these questions lead towards the main question which asked me if Mr. X in my opinion is deserving enough to be promoted to the next level the companys hierarchy. Reflections On Your Performance For Your CPD Record The meeting started glum right on time. Before I handled over the self performance form to Mr. X, I introduced myself and told him the what the purpose of this meeting was. I informed Mr. X what railway line reviews actually are. I told him it is a method by which the on job performance of of an employee is measured or evaluated by a senior manager in the company. I informed him that such performance reviews take place once every year and explained him the entire process of this self performance. I personally think I did really well to le t him know about the entire process and how things work out on the promotional scale. However, I think there was a communication gap between us and that could be attributed to me speaking to fast. I think this is one thing I really need to break on and this is not really the first time that this has happened to me. Prior to this, in yet another performance appraisal interview, a candidate complained he was uneffective to interpret what I said as I he complained as I spoke too fast. After explaining him all this, I handled the performance paygrade form to him and told him how to fill it out. I told him about the possible options on the form and that he should select one which suits him best. It took him around half an hour to get done with the performance evaluation form and as soon as he was done he handed over the form to me. After receiving the evaluation form I first looked at his answers and I determined that he personally has a very balanced opinion about he he performs at w ork. Subsequently, I designed my questions keeping in view of what I got to know of him through the evaluation. However, here I must agree to the one fault I made after looking at the self evaluation form. I personally thought that Mr. X was a very proud person and I came to this view after looking at the evaluation form and finding out there were generally more ticks on excellent and good to the answers then on poor and average. My views however changed as I moved on to interview him. When I asked him if he thought hes a good worker, he told me that he thinks he doesnt know if hes good or not but he said he

Strategy Plan for American Airlines Co Research Paper

Strategy Plan for American Airlines Co - Research Paper ExampleThe companys go along priority is to meet or exceed the needs and expectations of their customers by giving them the best travel experience upon boarding, on-board, and upon arrival. This could be done through route lucre optimization, combative pricing, cost structuring, safety and security, and many to a greater extent. The main trust of this paper is to provide a strategy plan for American Airlines Inc. This plan would incorporate competitive strategy that would help the company become the market share leader and largest air carrier in the world. 2. American Airlines, Inc. A. Business Overview i. Company history. American Airways was founded know 1930 through the consolidation of 85 subsidiaries airlines of The Aviation Corporation. American Airways was renamed to its current American Airlines Inc. under the appointment of the new CEO, C.R. Smith the airline is headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas. For some(prenomi nal) years, AA had managed to introduce improvements in terms of technology, fliers program, quality service, etc. making AA the largest in passenger miles and passenger fleet size. AA had maintained its strong presence particularly in the U.S. domestic market, and in 2009, about 38.85 of Americans flying were international- Latin America and Caribbean, 18.7% Europe, 15.6% and Pacific, 4.5% (AMR Corporation, 2010). Since then, AA had been successful and considered to be one of the biggest global airlines that served one-third of the U.S. population (85.7million) and more than 300,000 tons of encumbrance in a year. On a daily basis, the carrier transported an approximately 275,000 passengers between nearly 250 cities in over 40 countries with average daily flights of 3,400. ii. widely distributed operator. AA is one of the largest operators worldwide with a total of 623 active aircrafts as of 2010 and the largest number of international destinations. The carrier has scheduled domes tic flights throughout North America, South America, fundamental America, and other extensive international network in East and South Asia, and Europe. It has been more successful and gain competitive advancement after combining network fleet with AmericanConnection and American Eagle as its regional affiliates. B. Organizational Structure i. 655 Aircrafts/ 260 Destinations/ Dallas Hub AA is wholly owned subsidiary of AMR Corporation which is a publicly-traded company. The accountability and responsibility organise of AA is often disseminated in the organization through the board of directors and a chief executive officer. A large commercial airline like AA has hundreds of smaller displace to points all over the world, and hub airports that include Chicago, Miami, New York, Los Angeles, and Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport - the largest hub. To send passengers to these hubs, AA employed various aircrafts such as Boeing, and ATR, ERJ, Bombardier for American Eagle. Currentl y, AA has 623 aircrafts with more than 621 fleet size and 250 destinations across 40 countries around the world. C. Business Segments i. Domestic (U.S.). The U.S. domestic market is dominated by AA with a market share of 13.7%. The regional carriers of AA, American Eagle and AmericanConnection served as an advantage to the company as the affiliation acquired 7.5% of the total domestic market (Vasigh, Fleming, & Tacker, 2008, p. 14).

Conflict Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conflict Resolution - Essay ExampleConflicts between employees, small groups of employees, or employee unions and employers are manageable because of existence of recognized frameworks that each(prenominal) party can resort to for result. Conflicts however threatens an boldnesss sustainability when none of the involved parties are willing to be involved in a resolution and existing resolution frameworks are perceived to be incredible. Such was the conflict situation that I experienced in one of my former work environments. The organization had a strong internal workers organization that served both(prenominal) as a union and as a welfare organization. This identified diversified interest from both employees and the organizations management. Politics among employees led to polarized alignment with two major opposing groups as the union headed for its elections. Incumbent union leaders were seeking reelection exclusively their main rivals had accused them of working with the manag ement to embezzle union funds and undermine employees rights. The political environment became more polarized as rumors spread that the organizations management was planning to influence elections results in order to retain the incumbent office. An unidentified group, in masks, then invaded the pooling station, disrupted counting of votes, and physically abused electoral officials. A massive protest then followed this on claims that the management had interfered with the election results to favor the incumbent office. The opposing group of aspirants then mobilized employees to sabotage work and threaten violence and destruction of the organizations property if the management failed to either recognize them as leaders, or organized for fresh elections that had to be free and fair. curtilage of the conflict The problem in the case was a conflict between the organizations management and the employees fraternity who believed that the organization was misusing its powers to retain a w anton leadership that it could continue manipulating in order to exploit employees. The problem identifies a conflict involving three groups in the organization. Employees did not like the way their leadership was managed and the descent between their incumbent leaders and the organizations management. This difference in management of the union developed a disagreement between a macroscopic percentage of employees on one side, and the management and the incumbent leaders on the other sides with support from some employees who were accused of being beneficiaries of the managements influence, or of being cowardice. This difference polarized the political environment into the elections and was therefore a cause of the resultant conflict between the employees who sabotaged the organizations operations, and the management. Perceived managements direct involvement in interfering with the election results is another identifiable cause of the conflict. The organized demonstration was, how ever, the immediate cause of the conflict that involved a disagreement between the administration and employees. Employees accused the organizations management of exploiting them and using their leaders to suppress their possible opposition, and demanded that their choice leaders be disposed an opportunity, and the management stops oppressing them. Approach to resolving the conflict The management, of which I was part, applied an authoritarian approach to resolvi

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Strategy - Essay ExampleThis framework is used to analyse the global pharmaceutical industry. In the accustomed case, it chamberpot be say that the pharmaceutical industry is characterised by a highly risky and lengthy research which is very costly. This industry is capital intensive given that the cost of growing a new drug is estimated at over $ 1 billion which deters other small players from entering it. The industry is also under stringent presidency regulation which makes it challenging for other competitors to enter it. It is not very easy to find a substitution for a drug given the complexity of the influence involved in carrying out the research as well as the costs For instance, Lipitor could not be easily replaced or substituted in the given case study. The buyers are affected by various factors which affect their buying power. As a result of the global economic crisis, consumer spending power with regards to health care has been affected. However, those wit h medical insurance can afford to meet their healthcare requirements. Unfortunately, active 46 % of the people in the US do not arrest medical insurance and this has a bearing on their buying power of the drugs. It also has to be noted that the government controls the industry since it is the largest purchaser of the drugs in a bid to control the health sector. Since this a sensitive sector, it can be noted that the suppliers have no bargaining powers since the industry is strictly controlled. The pricing political science is controlled by the government so there is no single supplier who can charge very high prices. There is intense competition for rational property among existing players as they compete to preserve their inventions. This industry is highly specialised and this is the reason why there is rivalry among existing players as they attempt to dominate it. Over and supra, it can be noted that the Five Forces Framework map is relevant in identifying the environmental f orces affecting the global pharmaceutical industry. It can be noted that there are different factors that characterise this industry hence there is need to take these into consideration so as to be in a better position to establish the attractiveness of this particular industry. Failure to do so can result in wrong perceptions about the industry since it is a bit different from other industries. b). In order to establish whether these forces differ by industry sector as well as the place they can be placed in different sectors in the industry life-cycle, it is important to begin by explaining the meaning of industry or harvesting life cycle. Basically, every product has a certain life cycle in the market. Therefore, product life cycle refers to the different phases passed by the product in the market from the time it is introduced until its withdrawal period (Strydom, 2003). The product usually passes through four distinct stages namely introduction, growth, maturity and decline. F rom this definition, it can be seen that the five forces discussed above differ by industry sector. For instance, the forces that operate within a clothing and textile industry are different from those operating in the pharmaceutical industries as a result of various reasons. First and foremost, it must be noted that the industry life cycle of the pharmaceutical

Discuss how authors critique gender roles in thire noveles Season of Essay

Discuss how composes critique gender percentages in thire noveles Season of Migration and Beer in the snooker club - Essay ExampleSalih writes about characters from poorer parts of Union Sudan while Ghali writes about city people in Egypt. The main characters in both of these books are male. The men in the books also agree a number of women and from time to time there is discussion of gender relations in British society and in their homeland also. Contact with Western society, and with London in particular, makes the authors think about potential changes to local family and social relationships, and especially to gender roles.In the first novel it is quite difficult to work out what the authors views on the topic of gender are, because the male narrator has quite a different perspective from the other main character, Mustafa Saeed. The village in which they meet is rather traditional which means that life runs on the basis of Islamic law. The narrator describes his family, with emphasis on his grandfather who is a good male role model for him. There are also a number of elderly males who make a lot of sexist jokes about women. One of these characters, Wad Rayyes, seems to flirt the dominant view He had been much married and much divorced, fetching no heed of anything in a woman except that she was a woman, taking them as they came, and if asked about it replying A stallion isnt finicky. (Salih 66)The narrator observes this behaviour and repeats the animal comparison when he says (Salih 81) Wad Rayyes, who charged women as he charged donkeys. This kind of womanizing behavior is also displayed by Mustafa Saeed who goes after several different British women when he is in London. He actually marries Jean Morris and she compares him to a savage bull that does not weary of the chase (Salih 33). The fact that Saeed kills Jean Morris and drives several of his lovers to suicide underlines the aggression that this character feels in his romantic relationships. At unmatched point Saeed describes his bedroom in

Ebay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ebay - Essay ExampleHowever, other issues were still seen like the one-sided feedback system favorable to buyers only. another(prenominal) online options for businesses also competed with the eBay. Amazon also emerged as one of its major competitors. Other issues which the company faced included fewer consumer-friendly payment features for eBay as compared to Amazon presence of counterfeit merchandise and bad management choices every. SWOT Analysis Strengths eBay is the world largest online auction websites and it was the first company that came up with the idea of online auction. And because of its unique way of trading, eBay has wedded the chance for buyers and sellers from all over the world to buy and sell items by going online and without having them to meet up. Diversifying has become one of the major components for eBay. Not only it change its products, but eBay also diversified its target markets from, individuals to small or big companies. Moreover, from the past couple of years, eBay did some acquisitions over some other companies, such as, PayPal, StubHub, and Skype. With all of these acquisitions, it made eBay as a bigger and better company, and one of the big successes of these acquisitions was with PayPal.

Commercialisation of Sport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Commercialisation of Sport - Essay ExampleFrom the local levels, individuals are competitively seeking to attain professional place to gain from the lucrative industry, whereas others are striving to build competitive teams to benefit from the lucrative sport industry as well. The gains attained, or profits generated are parasitical on the situation of the team, the better teams are relatively poised to benefit most from lucrative deals (Howe, 2004 49). This is based on the assumption that these better teams attract large audiences as opposed to dismally performing teams. This accords the teams sponsors a bigger market to appeal to and helps in creating a global image which is non easy to achieve in the ever competitive corporate world. Besides, the teams themselves hold slowly revolutionalised their settings as they also want to be seen as global brands. Sports commercialization has paved way for multiple challenges, mostly legal challenges as these new trends have to ascribe t o set rules and regulations. This is explained by the multiple legal cases bordering on sports that have found their way to courts peculiarly the European Court of Justice. This study implores on the process of sports commercialization, it also examines and represents the role government play in the sport business. design and Development of Sports Historically, sports had been viewed as a friendly activity whose ownership mainly lay under private companies or mutual associations (NEBRASKA, BAHLS, & PETERSON, 1978). The ownerships would oversee progress and come in in awarding competitive athletes for their role in delivering a card-playingproduct. In doing so, they participated in creating a competitive platform for sports that was governed differently from the familiar approaches adopted in running of businesses (Whannel, 2008240). Sports associations or clubs did not seek to profit maximize and did not affiliate themselves with the entertainment business, this is irrespectiv e of their roles as entertainers finished different flashy competitions. The main focus of these clubs and associations was to achieve success on the sporting field, irrespective of the professional game they participated in. For the better part of the century sporting took this compassionate business approach. Despite many of the sporting clubs having huge financial burdens the stakes at the time were still low and this ensured that the sporting activities took on a rather predictable course (Maguire et al, 2002126). However, this situation was not to persist for long as wide spread changes in the past two decades distorted this sporting setting, and the benign sporting culture. The new situation came along with worrying trends which since the turn of the millennium have brought forth questions on the very role of professional sports, especially in Europe (Fort, 2004). These concerns were echoed by the current UEFA chief, Michel Plattini, who feared that current sporting trends we re first contributing to the erosion of the fundamental purposes of sports. Sports, he said, has always been a strong atom smasher for social and cultural integration, he feared that emphasis on the economic aspect of sports would inevitably lead to extinction of these two crucial elements of sport (Hudson, 20122). Further, extinction of the social and cultural role of sporting would upset the relationship that exists between sport and society. Concerns

Research Literature Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research Lit sequenceture Synthesis - Essay ExampleOne such way in the education sector, is information and communication technology, which has caused a shift in the process of learning. The integration of information and communication technology in the learning sector has promoted sec recovery of many learning centers, thereby causing a shift in learning outcomes. Application of information technology into the learning sector requires skills and geological fault of the labor sector to match technological requirements. This remains a significant challenge according to Galanouli, Murphy and Gardner (2004), in application of technology, as most instructors be not well equipped with technological variations. Consequently, the cost of introducing the recent devices in learning institutions and training of instructors has remained a challenge. This is because the old dogs take a longer clipping to grasp matters of new technology and adapt into the system. In as more than as traditio nal methods of learning helped in nurturing proficient students, advancement into the new era of technology required a change. This factor has called on many learning institutions, to come up with sundry(a) ways, to match the technological demand (Galanouli, Murphy & Gardner 2004). ... few other areas that also find educational assistance in the teach include the town of Rancho Viejo and other areas such as Cameron County, Raide Hope king, South point, San Pedro. This makes it the largest school in the metropolitan area of Rio Grande Valley. Academically the school has made landmark achievements producing some of the best economists and other prominent people in the world. Consequently, it has won various awards because of the outstanding work it has done to propel the level of education. In 2008, for instance, the institution won the urban education Broad Prize, an award only given to schools that make up made enormous improvements in student performance, instituted viable educ ational policy measures and has closed the widening gap in the educational sector (Knezek & Christensen, 2002). This can be through with(predicate) various educational support programmes, which include encouraging students and offering financial assistance. In as much as the institution has done much to improve the educational standards, the question behind the application of information technology in the institution has remained unanswered. This is due to the limited attention given to introduction of new learning materials according to Groff & Mouza 2008. It should also not be refuted that the institution has tried by installing new learning devices such as projectors and personal computers. Brownsville nonparasitic School District (BISD) uses a system of curriculum discharge, which encourages easier understanding. This incorporates division of learning activities into three main areas. This includes written curriculum, which mainly encourage student participation through conduc ting assignments and taking decisive notes. In as much as the

TD#1 week 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TD1 week 8 - Assignment Exampleors that may carry on their wellbeing and discussing individualized care with patients and restricting the information that physicians and nurses can reveal to patients.Notably, these laws pose a threat to the breast feeding and medical profession as they impart undue problems that have the effect of restricting access to the required care and time nurses spend with patients.As a result, nurses have the responsibility of influencing change (Mason et al., 2011) and safeguarding the nursing profession from intrusion by the government and other authorities. In this case, it is imperative for the nurses to sensitize all the stakeholders in health care, including the authorities, on their responsibility and support towards the secretiveness and the significance of the patient-physician relationship in health care. This sensitization would involve lobbying to the local congressperson and health care commissioner. Through this lobbying, a nurse can also ch arge on showing the role of risk factors and disclosure of information to patients in patient care and identification of health care interventions (Mason et al., 2011). Additionally, as a nurse, it would be effective to use the internet as a medium to sensitize the distinct stakeholders within the health care on their role and how these regulations impact on the delivery of care.Ginsburg,J., Snyder,L., & Centor,R. (2013). Statement of principles on the role of the government in regulating Patient-Physician relationship. American College of Physicians, 1, 1-16. Retrieved from

The Affordable Care Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 20

The low-cost C ar Act - Essay ExampleThe Affordable Care Act is beneficial because it has made substantial progress in reducing the number of Americans with no health insurance. Low-income residents have immensely benefited because most of them are now able to access and afford insurance. Those who gained insurance through the law have seen a reduction in disastrously high medical bills that hospitals forced them to pay in previous instances. Whether the Act has made the American population healthier is still uncertain. Similarly, there is no significant decrease in inveterate illness patients, neither is there an increase of checkups (Sanger-Katz 1). It was also intriguing to learn that young Americans remain on their parents insurance plans until they turn twenty-six years of age. This is a positive step of the act, because traditionally, most citizens between nineteen to thirty years of age do not have insurance. In consequence, this reduced the number of uninsurable Americans. Sanger-Katz affirms that most young Americans, especially college graduates, now access customary primary care doctor before the institution of the law, because they do not have to go without medical care because of costs. Even so, there was minimal change in the rest of the population in terms of access to primary care.

Research Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt Paper

Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt - Research Paper ExampleHis New Deal program significantly enlarged the function and responsibilities of the U.S. federal government. This paper analyzes and discusses the life and legacy of Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt as U.S. hot seats. The discussion focuses on their response to the bigger national and global issues during their presidency.Woodrow Wilson, the 28th president of the United States, considered himself the defender of the masses and the mouthpiece of the people. He declared, No one but the President seems to be expected to look out for the general interests of the hoidenish (Cook 98). He was a liberal reformist and took on global leadership in creating a new global order. He announced in 1917 that the interest of the United States in the First World War is a campaign to build a world that is friendly to democratic ideologies. Wilson had witnessed the horror and atrociousness of warfare. He was born in 1856 in Virginia to a Presbyterian pastor of the Civil War. After finishing his studies at Princeton and the University of Virginia Law School, he obtained his university degree at John Hopkins University and embarked on an academic profession (Freidel 61).Wilson progressed quickly as a traditionalist, conformist young university lecturer of political science and was elected in 1902 as head of Princeton. His stentorian national popularity encouraged a number of conservative Democrats to view him as a good candidate for presidency. At first they convinced him to run for the incline of New Jerseys Governor in 1910 (Gaines 48). During the campaign he declared his autonomy from the conservatives and from the system that had recommended him, promoting a liberal program, which he carried out as governor. In 1912, during the Democratic Convention, Wilson was nominated for presidency and promoted the project New Freedom, which emphasized individuality and the rights of states. In the tripartite

Japanese Death Rituals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

japanese Death Rituals - Essay ExampleThis peculiar aspect of the Japanese death rituals is allay confusing. While on the one military position, the Japanese exhibit a ceremoniously discernable respect for a deceased individual on the other side they consider the death to be some sort of an infectious occurrence that has the potential to pollute the family members and close ones of a dead person. Japanese abhorrence for cats in their death rituals and their fascination with directions is really typical. The practice of digging a womans grave deeper then that of a mans though unusual is perhaps indicative of the subaltern experimental condition of the women in the Japanese society. One universal aspect of the Japanese beliefs about death is that a funeral in Japan is considered to be a predominantly confederacy event where the members of a community or a neighborhood do everything attainable to help a bereaved family perform the necessary funeral rituals and extend the possible m aterial and emotional support to the family members of a deceased person, so as to help them come to terms with their grief. Also, the close affiliation of death and funerals in Japan with religious beliefs, ceremonies and rituals is something that is common to a majority of the world cultures and societies. The special reverence shown by the Japanese for a dead person by lighting incense and candles and such other rituals are also universal in their approach.

Case study for HNC Social Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Case study for HNC Social Care - Essay ExampleAfter keeping in notion the case history of that woman this component is future to allow populaces to prize the behaviour and skills of persons with whom they vocation, therefore the stress be supposed to constantly be on the request of sociological theories and ideas to social care perform and in use them to appreciate behaviour and skills. Personnel ought to be confident all through the learn and education procedure to be relevant their information and sympathetic to create intelligence of the persons life incidents and behaviour. Anywhere likely pictures and requested be supposed to be full from the personnel own knowledge.Sociologists inspect the position of the family in civilization and recognise it as a input social organization. Though, personnel need to appreciate that present are dissimilar sociological move towards to the family, which guide to unrelated finished of its possible power on behaviour, skills and existence proba bility. For instance in investigatory the functionalist vision they container attend at the customs in which families have urbanized to get together the desires of civilization, singing a optimistic role in sustaining civilization. They batch also seem at how this move toward looks at the optimistic purposed of the family and the reimbursement that it transports to persons. In seeming at disagreement move towards they can scrutinize, for instance, collective move towards which seem at how the family preserves social disparity and utilization of some collections.

Education in the United States Essay Example for Free

Education in the United States EssayIndia has made large strides in educating its population of more than a billion people, yet a lot remains to be done. It is commonplace now that education is both intrinsically valuable and withal instrumental for sparing well-being, and this is true for individuals and entire nations. No country in the world has been able to develop without the spread of mass education. An educated population is a prerequisite for take-off into luxuriously economic growth. Table 1 in the appendix shows literacy pass judgment for India as a whole and by sex. It also shows the decadal place of change from 1901 to the present.2 Literacy rates have increased for both males and females, and though the latter continues to lag behind the former, there has been a narrowing of the male-female gap in literacy from 24. 8% in 1991 to 21. 7% in 2001. In 2001, the absolute descend of illiterates declined historically for the first time by nearly 32 million. In terms of verbalize-wise performance, Kerala continues to occupy first place as it has done historically on the other hand, densely populated states like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar ar yet to overcome their educational inertia. 3The average figures for India as a whole hide a great deal of variation among states. Table 2 in the appendix provides literacy rates for states for the years 1991 and 2001, for the population as a whole, by sex and also provides the decadal rate of change. In 2001, Kerala, Maharashtra and Himachal Pradesh had more than 75% of their population of 7+ years literate. On the other hand, even in 2001, less(prenominal) than half of Bihars population of seven years and above was literate with female literacy rate but 33. 6%. In terms of zones, states in the South and West outperform states in the North and East.2. Primary Education Primary education refers to the education of children between the ages 6-11 years (grades 1-5). Universalization of Primary Educa tion (UPE) is a constitutional provision in India and there has been a steady expansion in the spread of aboriginal education since Indian independence in 1947. The Indian educational system is the second largest in the world after China. In 2001-02, there were nearly 0. 66 million primary schools in India 1 This arena has been undertaken as part of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals Project.2 Before the 1991 census, only those belonging to the age-group 0-4 years were excluded from the population in order to compute literacy rates and the basis of the computation was the entire population. From the 1991 census onward, literacy rates were computed based on the population aged 7+ years and above. 3 In Bihar, Nagaland and Manipur as well as Delhi and Chandigarh, the absolute number of illiterates has increased in the 1990s. 4 providing access to 84% of habitations with a primary school located within a outdo of one kilometer.Between 1997 and 2002, the gross primary sch ool enrolment rate4 for India was 111 for males and 92 for females. The net primary school enrolment rate5 on the other hand was only 78 for males and 64 for females. The net primary school attendance rate between 1999 and 2002 was 79 for males and 73 for females. However, of the children who entered primary school, only 68% reached grade 5 between 1995 and 1999 (UNICEF, 2004). Table 3 provides data on gross primary school enrolments by sex between 1950-51 and 2001-2002.As can be seen from the control board there has been a steady increase in the numbers of boys and girls attending primary school over time. In Table 4, state-wise enrolment of boys and girls as a percentage of their age-group is provided for 1997-1998. Girls enrolment has been steadily increasing over time and in 2001-02, nearly 45% of girls in the age-group 6-11 were enrolled in school. These statistics are heartening because at least(prenominal) until the 1990s, one of the most dismal aspects of Indias education system was the large percentage of the population in the younger age groups that were out of school.Socio-economic disparities Despite the substantive constitutional backing for the provision of primary education in India6 and its expansion over time, the system is characterized not only by low achievements but also by large unevenness of achievements. Huge gaps remain between rural and urban areas, and the probability of getting any education at all astutely depends on gender, caste and income. Women, scheduled castes and tribes and the poor are faced with formidable barriers when it comes to getting basic education. Of the 200 million children in the age group 6-14, it is estimated that 59 million are out of school.Of these 35 million are girls and 24 million are boys (Ministry of Human Development, GOI). Apart from socio-economic determinants, the educational infrastructure and the management and the politics of the educational system in India are far from efficient or suffici ent. The government is the largest provider of education in India with only about 10% of primary schools owned by the private sector. 7 The quality of education provided by the public education system is low which translates into low educational abilities even for those who are able to complete primary education cycle.Moreover, there is a lot of waste in the educational system with dropout rates as high as 40% for the country as a whole and in some Indian states, they are as high as 75%. Though the number of primary 4 Gross primary school enrolment rate is computed as the number of children enrolled in primary school regardless of age divide by the population of that age group. 5 Net primary school enrolment rate is computed as the number of children in that age group enrolled in primary school divided by the population of that age group. 6 In 2002, the Supreme Court of India decreed that free primary education was a constitutional right.7 Around 3% of private schools are aided by the government, which makes government intervention in the education sector even greater. 5 schools in the country increased, more than 1 lakh8 habitations still do not have access to a primary school within a length of one kilometer. Teacher-pupil ratios are inadequate less than 2 teachers are available in rural areas to teach a class size of around coke students. Teacher motivation and teaching incentives are also very weak. India perhaps has the highest rate of teacher truancy in the world. Poverty and Education.Empirical evidence strongly shows that, both at the level of the household as well as at the level of the country, there is a positive relationship between income (and wealth) and educational attainment. More income simply means more resources available to spend on the acquisition of education. With more than 250 million people in India living on less than a $1 a day, need remains a major barrier to educational access. Although education is provided free by the govern ment, the cost of uniforms, textbooks and transportation cost are beyond the reach of many households (Tilak, 2004).Added to these direct costs are the indirect (opportunity) costs of wage/domestic labor which children perform and the costs of acquiring education become considerable for households. Graphs 1 and 2 in the appendix show simple regressions of literacy rates for sixteen states against state poverty rates and state per capita income for 2001. As is expected, literacy rates decline with poverty and rise with per capita incomes. State per capita incomes seem to explain literacy rates better than poverty rates.Filmer and Pritchett (2001) victimisation Demographic Health vista data for India find that the gap in enrolment between the highest and the lowest wealth class is as much as 52 percentage points. Gupta (2003) using the 52nd round of National Sample Survey data finds that the percentage of people who have completed five years of schooling declines as one descends us ance deciles. In the lowest consumption decile, the proportion of people who have not completed the primary school cycle is greater than 80%. 9 charm poverty status and income class are strong determinants of who goes to school and for how long, they do not make up the whole story.Indian states of Kerala and Himachal Pradesh even with fewer resources at their disposal have been able to achieve much better educational and health outcomes compared to rich states such as Punjab and Haryana in India. This is true even when we fancy at cross-country outcomes. For example, Sri Lanka and Botswana do much better in education and health terms than would be predicted based on their level of resources the Latin American countries do much worse given their resources (Mehrotra and Jolly, 1998). 8 One lakh is equal to 100,000. 9.These graphs are meant to be illustrative of the association between resources and education and do not claim any direction of causality. The relationship between resou rces and educational attainment is bidirectional. The poor cannot afford schooling. With little human capital, the opportunities to escape persistent poverty are very restricted and the poor can be trapped in a low education, low income vicious cycle across generations. A large literature has analyzed both theoretically and empirically persistence of poverty inter-generationally due to lack of resources to invest in education.

Daily Checklist Safety Essay Example for Free

Daily Checklist Safety EssayWhen planning healthy and safe(p) indoor and outdoor environments and services, on that point are authoritative factors which need to be considered for example, the setting needs to take into account the risks and hazards around the setting inside and outside -outside, to ensure there are no criminal plants, berries and sharp objects and inside that all the doors and gates are locked. Risk assess the setting for broken toys, the floor needs to be clean and clear, plugs are cover and fire exit doors are clear. The layout should have space between each activity and display.Health and Safety is monitored and maintained in the setting by (is there a checklist for example where you have a list of daily/hourly checks to do on the premises to ensure you are maintaining a healthy and safe setting?) by-line a Health and Safety Checklist provided to us by our manager which includes tasks such as check the doors are locked, that there is a base hit gate to the kitchen area, practise fire drills and ensuring hazardous substances are locked away in cupboards. By following these checklists we are also made aware of the risks and hazards not following the checklist can cause and this encourages us to work safely.Current guidance for planning healthy and safety device environments and services can be sourced from the Playgroup Manager, Slough Sure fuck off ,Ofsted, The Dept of Education, Health protection agency and the EYFS.Following the current guidance in the health and safety at work act 1974, gives the responsibility for health and safety to the employer and employees. The premises must be well maintain and safe, accidents and indents form must be fill in when any accident occurs. Health and safety at work regulations 1999, childcare act 2006, and the 2008 act that covers the early years and legislation on safeguarding. The EYFS 2008 ensures that there is an adult/child ratio in place, a outgrowth aid qualified person in the setti ng at all times and all staff have a qualification of about direct 2.The setting follow the policies and the guideline of the EYFS. We risk assess when taking the children off the setting premises by filling in a trip contriver with the name of the child and the contact number of the child parent with they permission form. Name of all the staff that are going on the trip. (This is an example, you need to explain more about how staff are made aware of the risks and hazards in the setting and encouraged to work safely, give examples like, posters, staff meetings. How does Sharon monitor you guys on HS or how does she give HS information to you).

The Impact Of The Norman Conquest English Language Essay

The Impact Of The Norman Conquest position Language EssayBy the end of the former(a) incline achievement an steadyt in any casek place which had a major impact on the incline manner of speaking. This event was the Norman Conquest, in 1066, which marks the beginning of the nerve center side Period. The invasion is a milestone in the history of Eng priming coat, and played a key business office in the development of Modern position. But another passel sees the events of the occupation as having a negative effect on incline, and as a national catastrophe that destroyed a sophisticated native Anglo-Saxon culture (Graddol et al, 1996120) and disrupted the progression of the position verbiage. Short states that Higden Ranulf, an slope chronicler and Benedictine monk, saw french as one of the principal reasons why the side expression had degenerated in Medieval England (2007 29). Nevertheless, others claim that the Norman Conquest contri justed to an enormous enrichment of the English vocabulary (Hughes, 2000 111). English would probably have pursued another evolution had William the vanquisher not succeeded in appropriating the English throne. It would virtually likely lack the immense amount of cut vocabulary that characterizes the English language today, and that make English look, on the side of lexicon, like a Romance language. No other previous event had had such an impact on the language. The Scandinavian invasion in the eighth carbon had affected English, however not as pro provely as the Norman Conquest. This is because the speakers of Anglo-Saxon and Old Norse could understand each other, since they were communicating by similar Germanic-root rowing. Whereas, Norman french was a foreign Romance language which was completely alien to a population speaking a Germanic language. The conquerors keep to speak their sustain language in Britain. Watson argues that Normans were ruthless people who had no interest in the culture, literat ure and learning the language of the conquered people. English, which had been the official and literary language, was demoted to be the language of the serfs (Watson, 2002 17). Since the ii languages, Norman french and English, were not mutually understandable and cut was the language of the rulers, English speakers had to adapt to the newcomers and learn some key expressions. Thus, the Norman invasion brought bilingualism in the British Isles with french and English living a yearnside each other for a long time. It is estimated that around 10 000 cut war crys (Mcrum et al, 1986 82) poured into English during the Norman rule. These countersignatures are found in every sphere art, literature, law and government. Modern English has retained a large outlet of these intelligence informations which have been completely assimilated into English in their structure, pronunciation and spelling. The Normans represented a small proportion of the population, however, their language ha d a massive impact upon society, since they were in position of index. According to Short, the number of cut speaking incomers at the leap of the 12 century was around 15 000, which would represent less than 1% of the innate population of some 1.75 million (2007 26). This is the reason why Norman cut is not the spoken language of England today, despite its dominance in Britain for almost common chord centuries. Baugh Cable claim that the Norman Conquest varyd the whole course of the English language (2002 208). Thus, such a consequential event deserves to be explored in detail. archetype ChapterHistorical BackgroundNormans were descendent of Vikings from Scandinavia who settled down in the north-centralern region of France in the ninth and tenth centuries. This region was known as Northmannia, the land of the Northmen, later shortened to Normandy. The Normans became frenchmen culturally and linguistically (Pyles, 1964153) soon assimilating the french customs, marrying lo cal women, converting to Christianity, and giving up their own language and acquiring French. England had had close ties with Normandy long before the conquest in 1066. In 1002 thelred the Unready, king of England surrounded by 78-1016, had married a Norman woman and his son known as Edward the Confessor, who was raised in France, was more French than English. During the 24 years of his reign, Edward brought legion(predicate) another(prenominal) of his Norman friends over to England giving them important positions in the government. When Edward the Confessor died youngsterless, William the Conqueror, who was a second cousin of the late king, believed he was entitled to be Edwards successor even though he had no right to inherit the English throne. (Loyn, 1991 65-67). So when the accession to the throne was denied to him, he attacked England, and with his prodigious abilities he won the battle of Hastings and on Christmas Day 1066, William was crowned king of England (Baugh Cab le, 2002 112). The rule of William the Conqueror brought with it vast changes to the social, political, religious and linguistic (Fennell, 2001 95) structure of England. dominance of the French language in EnglandWilliams possession of the English throne had far-reaching consequences. One of the repercussions was the introduction of a new nobility. The old English nobility was virtually extinguish and replaced with Norman followers. Mcrum et al. (1986 73) argue that William besides purged the English church stepwise Norman bishops and abbots occupied the cathedrals and monasteries, and for many generations after(prenominal) the conquest, the great estates and important positions were held by French-speaking Normans. The most significant consequence, however, was the dominion that the French language acquired in England. The Norman Conquest brought not only a new way of life barely also a new way of speaking. The Norman incomers mother tongue was French and it remained so until the second half of the 12th century. French became the language of the ruling crystalise and their servants. It was adopted across the entire range of written registers literature, legal proceedings, commerce, government businesses and private correspondence (Ingham, 2010 1). The members of the new commanding class continued to use their own language once they settled in England. First, only those of Norman origin would speak French, but soon through with(predicate) intermarriage and relation with the supreme class, many English people found it to their benefit to master the new language. Therefore French became the language of power and prestige (Hughes, 2000 13). The status of French in England from 1066 onwards is comparable to the importance of English in the British Empire in the 19th and 20th century (Freeborn, 1998 81). For almost three hundred years after the conquest English ceased to be the official language of the land (Hughes, 2000 110), existing only as language of t he masses. Short claims that the survival of French for three centuries, even after the overtaking of Normandy in 1204, is the result of a desire on the part of the Norman descendants to retain and strengthen their sense of separate indistinguishability (2007 13). He believes that Anglo-Norman was a means of social and political self-definition and self-preservation. All the kings of England spoke French as their first language. Command of French would also be found amongst the middle class. Knights also had a tendency to using it, even if they were English natives. Merchants and tradesmen spoke French, and also clerks and bailiffs would use the language due to the fact that different serve were conducted in that language. Nonetheless Latin remained the language of church and scholarship. It was the language of records used for any documents that were felt to be important to be left to posterity. Though French had cultural and social prestige in this period, two English and Frenc h were regarded as inferior to Latin (Knowles, 1997 47). So from 1066 there were three languages that pervaded medieval England Latin, French and English, and literature, religion, law, science were all conducted in languages other than English (Mcrum et al, 1986 73). Short estimates that 80% of the population in Britain was monolingual English speakers, 16.5% bilingual French speakers, and 3.5% trilingual Latin, French and English (2007 28). Latin was the unifying European language par excellence (Totter, 2000 23). It was learned and studied in the schools and universities in England. Latin was the language of religion, culture and power and it was established all over Europe. Nonetheless Latin was mainly used for written purposes. The language was spoken by a tiny minority of the English and it was employed only in the highest ecclesiastical circles (Trotter, 2000 24). Latin, however, was certainly not the spoken language used in tourist court. French was the language used in the kings court (Ingham, 2010 95). Nevertheless, in spite of the fact that English was ousted by the two prestigious languages, it was never wiped out. It had a low status and it was reduced to an informal- colloquial vernacular, but it was unflurried used to a great extent by the lower classes. Fennell states that there was diglossia in England for a long time with French as the High language and English as the Low language (Fenell, 2001 117). However, Baugh Cable maintain that if the Normans did not appreciate English as a vernacular this should not be understand as an oppressive language attitude towards English. A few generations before they had themselves renounced their own Germanic language in favour of Latin and French. The perception that Normans were bitter to the English language is without foundation (Baugh Cable, 2002 117). It is true that English was considered to be an unsophisticated tongue, however there is sufficient evidence of mutual respect and peaceful cooper ation between the English and the Normans (Baugh Cable, 2002 117). William the Conqueror himself made an effort at the age of forty-three to learn English without succeeding. In general, the upper classes were indifferent towards the English language because their activities in England did not require the use of it, and French was for them more useful.Survival of EnglishHow did English manage to survive and not get absorbed in the governing Norman tongue? Mcrum et al (1986 75) suggest that there are three important motives that explain the survival of English. First of all, Old English was too established, too vigorous, and, thanks to its fusion with Scandinavian languages, too hardy to be wiped out (Mcrum et al, 1986 75). disrespect the written records becoming Latin and French, English continued being the language of commoners and it would have needed many centuries of French rule to obliterate it as the vernacular of ordinary people. They were not going to stop speaking Engli sh salutary because they had been conquered by a foreigner. Second, the fusion between Normans and English was rapid, as Normans intermarried with English people. The French-born mixed with the English-born. Thus, future generations living in Britain would feel more English. The Norman ancestors were forgotten with time and young people identified with the natural language of most inhabitants in Britain. One hundred years after the invasion, an anonymous chronicler wrote that The two nations had blend in so mixed that it is scarcely possible today, speaking of free men, to tell who is English and who is of Norman race (Baugh Cable, 2009 120). The Francophone incomers seemed to have become fully integrated with English people. Third, and most important reason, the Anglo-Normans lost control of their French territory across the Channel. When King John lost Normandy in 1204, conflict began to develop between France and England, which think with the Hundred Years War. The ex Norman nobility became English, as many nobles had to declare themselves either French or English. The loss of Normandy established an independent English nation and a pinch of national consciousness and identity began to arise in the British Isles (Short, 2007 31). English people began to be more interested in their native language, therefore the trilingual setting of medieval England existing following the Norman Conquest started to disappear. The initial trilingual situation unquestionable into oral bilingualism, although it was not omnipresent in England, and progressively culminated into vernacular monolinguism (Trotter, 2000 25).Chapter 2Re-establishment of EnglishThe rivalry created between England and France meant that interests between English and French were no longer the same. This resulted in the turn down of French and re-establishment of English. Fennell believes that if England had remained in the control of France, French might have continued to be used in England foreve r (Fennell 2001 117). This did not happen though. While French had been necessary to the English upper class during the two centuries following the Norman Conquest, in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries its use was artificial. French lost its importance gradually and became a second acquired language after English till it disappeared. Evidence of the passage of Anglo-Norman from a mother tongue to an acquired language has its roots in 1160s but also the first murmurings of discontent surfacing form those of Anglo-Saxon stock who see themselves as excluded an denied professional advancement by their ignorance of French (Short, 2007 26). At the start of the fourteenth century Anglo-Norman seemed to have lost its prestige completely. Slowly English won its way back to being ubiquitous in England.French passed into limbo in the fifteenth and English was re-established, but it was a new language in vocabulary and in spirit, wholly different in character, rhythm and feeling from the Anglo-Saxon (Watson, 2002 18). Under the make of Chaucer poets began to write in English, but also literature was highly influenced by French. When English re-emerged as the written language of England, it was exceedingly altered in structure however, Romaine claims that debate still continues about the extent to which change was internally or externally motivated (1998 7). These differences in the English language remained immutable. Freeborn (1998 51) argues that when reading English texts from the 12th century onwards, there are changes in grammar, vocabulary, spelling and expression form. Of course, the English language did not change overnight in response to the Norman Conquest. Fennell, on the other hand, maintains changes in English did not happen as a result of the conquest. He states that the influence of French on English is neither extreme nor special (Fennell, 2001 130). Many loan words have been borrowed from French, but there is no marked morphologic change that ca n be revealed. It is also hard to demonstrate French influence on word order. There is no influence on fit as well. According to Fennell, changes in the English language are simply due to gradual change (2001 131).The Lexicon Loan Words from FrenchWhile the loss of inflection was only indirectly due to the use of French in England, French impact is much more noticeable on the vocabulary. A Brobdingnagian body of French words became part of the English language. The influx of French words began slowly and continued with varying pace for a long time. close of the Norman French loanwords entered English during the Middle English period, and they actually came fastest when French was dying out (Barber et al., 2010 155). Some scholars argue that actually the main borrowings by English tool place from 1250 onwards (Hughes, 2000110). In the eleventh and twelfth century the number of words borrowed from French was minimal, and in the thirteenth and fourteenth century the amount of loanwo rds increased significantly. When bilingual speakers changed over to English for such purposes as literature and government, they needed specialized monetary value that they were habituated to in these domains (Barber et al., 2010 156). The influence, however, was reciprocal. Numerous English words were introduced into the French spoken in England as well. From the very start of the century it is possible to find Anglo-Norman poets incorporating words of Old English origin into their works (Short, 2007 22). Where two languages live alongside each other for a long time a substantial transference of words from one language to another is unavoidable. Despite that, English had more to gain form French than vice versa, therefore the number of French words that entered English was incredibly vast.Many of the words borrowed by English are words to do with war, ecclesiastical matters, heraldry, hunting, the law, arts and fashion. The earliest adoptions from Norman French are encountered in 1137 tresor treasury, Canceler Chancellor prisun justice and tenserie protection funds (Hughes, 2000 111). These words indicate a whole new Norman vocabulary of power. Other words that infiltrated English in the 12th century are duc duke, cuntess countess, short(p) court, messe mass, clerc scholar (Graddol et al, 1996 123). Also these loanwords demonstrate the domination of the Normans in influential institutions such as the church and the royal court. The Norman Conquest made French the language of the official class in England. Therefore it is not the least bit stupefying that many word having to do with administration and government are of French origin. Some of the earliest loans from French are service, prison and castle (Pyles, 1980 324). Other words include crown, state, empire, authority, self-directed, parliament, assembly, treaty, alliance, country, attorney, chancellor, judge, jury, noble, royal. The word office and the titles of many offices are also French coroner, treasurer, marshal, governor, councillor, minister, warden, and castellan (Baugh Cable, 2009 169). In the religious domain amongst many words there terms such as abbot, clergy, preach, sacrament, vestment. As English was the language of the masses, it is not surprising that the original terms for livestock were retained ox, sheep swine, deer, calf. Whereas words such as beef, mutton, pork, bacon, venison, veal were used for the flesh of the animals, eaten mostly by the higher classes (Fennell, 2001 107). Family relationships such as mother, father, sister, brother, son, female child kept their Germanic names. Nevertheless, family relationships expressing more compound social relations such as uncle, aunt, cousin, nephew, niece were designated by French terms. The terms father-in-law and mother-in-law show native English words, but they are in fact calques, loan translations from Old French. Numbers did not lose their original, native names, and parts of the body kept their Engl ish terms. This is because such terms are core words and resistant to borrowing except in situations of exceptionally long and fervent contact. One remarkable example is the word case this term was borrowed from French in the late thirteenth century as an informal term (Fennell, 2001107). Titles of rank were taken from French such as baron, count, duke, marquees, peer, prince and sovereign (Barber et al., 2010156). However, English words were retained such as earl, king, knight, lady, lord, and queen. Literary borrowings of French only entered English in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. English writers started borrowing French words, as they were certain about an acquaintance with French on the part of their readers. While a considerable amount of French words came into English through this method, many are no longer in use since they filled no real communicative need.Norman French vs. Central FrenchAn interest fact in Modern English is that despite many words being borrowe d from French, the pronunciation of the English words differs considerably from their French counterparts. An important amour to be pointed out is that Modern French is not like eleventh-century French. There were two main dialect groups in Old French the language of the north langue dol, and the language of the south and central France langue doc also known as the dialect of Paris (Knowles, 1997 47). The Norman Conquest brought with it the Northern dialect which developed characteristics of its own and then is called Anglo-Norman. There were significant differences in the pronunciation between the two vernaculars. In Anglo-Norman ca- was pronounced as cha- chie- in Central French. So for instance, the Anglo-Norman word caitif caitiff changed its pronunciation into chaitif in Central French. The same can be said for other words that are pronounced with ca in English and cha in French such as catch which has derived form Anglo-Norman catel, became chacier in Central French and sub sequently chaser in Modern French. Other differences in the manner of speaking of the two dialects are the pronunciation of some consonants. Where the langue dol had w, k, ts would be pronounced as g, ts, s in the langue doc. The English word radiator grille (AN wiket) was transformed into guichet in the Parisian dialect. In the same way waste representing the Anglo-Norman waster was in Central French guaster. Consequently, there were two French sources a lot leading to the same word being borrowed twice. Many adoptions from Norman French coexisted with the Central French equivalent words which were assimilated at a later date. So we have Norman French catch, warranty, launch, wage, warden, convey, gaol, beside Central French chase, guarantee, lance, gauge, guardian, convoy, jail (Graddol et al, 1996 123).In the thirteenth century, the Anglo-Norman dialect lost some of its importance in England, and the Anglo-Norman realised that the French they spoke was no longer fit for purpose . The Central French dialect of Paris had begun to exercise a strong influence in France, therefore the Anglo-Norman slang was regarded as uncouth and obsolescent (Barber et al. 2009 151). Giraldus Cambrensis, a writer of the early Middle Ages, contrasts the elegant French of France to its unsophisticated Insular counterpart which he disregards as sewer French (Short, 2007 14). Due to its prestige, the dialect of Central France became the standard language in court and old-time society in England. As Central French became fashionable it was from this dialect that many words were borrowed at this period.After the Norman Conquest duplications in English were very common. Many of the French words that came into use conveyed meanings that were already expressed by a native English word. In this case one of two things occurred either one of the words was lost, or they both survived but they had different meanings. In some cases the French word died out, but in most cases it was the Ol d English word that ceased to exist. For example the OE word anda competed for its status with the word envy and managed to survive until the time of Chaucer, but at some point the word became obsolete and died out. The replacement was not always sudden often both words carried on to being used for some time, and the English word often persists in the dialect today. The Old English word eam which has been substituted by the French word uncle is still used in Scotland (eme). Where both the French and the English words existed they acquired different significations. English was not deficient in vocabulary, and in many cases when a new word poured into English it existed side by side with newer borrowed word. Hence, there are many pairs of words in English whose meaning is similar. So there are the native words which survive alongside the French words such as begin/commence freedom/liberty child/infant happiness/felicity friendly/amicable hearty/cordial house/mansion (Watson, 2002 19). Watson argues that the native words are vivid and homely whereas the French words are colder, more aloof, formal, dignified (Watson, 2002 19).French had also an impact on the increase of the number of prepositions, which was already considerable in Old English. Strang (1970 274) maintains that during the period 1170-1370 the number of prepositions was larger than any before. She attributes this process to two processes. The first of these is compounding and analogical formation. The second process includes loans from French. A number of prepositions such as countre, sans and keep open were borrowed directly from French. Others, such as during, excepting and saving were anglicised versions of French words. Some prepositions are calques on originally French equivalents, e.g. notwithstanding derives from Old French non obstant.The borrowing of French words had also an impact on English grammar. Many grammatical points were reconstructed on the French model. For instance, the use of w ho was remodelled on French qui. Old English used who just to ask questions such as who are you?, and this the equivalent of the use of qui. But qui was used in French also in a relative clause, such as the boy who lives next to me, for which English used the. Middle English started to use who as a relative pronoun under French influence (Mustanoja, 1960 187-206). English was influenced by French also in the formation of passive forms. Old English used the verb weorpan (to become) to form passive idioms, but this became fantastic after the Norman Conquest. Modern English uses the verb to be to construct passive sentences just like Modern French (Mustanoja, 1960 438-9).Another point of Middle English grammar such as the counterfactual modal perfect is attributed to the influence of French. Old English lacked the modal and auxiliary have combination. Its appearance starts in southern Middle English and then it seems to have spread in the north, given that the use of Anglo-Norman was more prevailing in the south of England. Fischer, on the other hand, claims that French did not play any role in the development of the modal perfect construction in English. Kida (2007 285) argues that there was also some French influence on word order in Middle English which changed from VO (verb + object) to OV (object + verb). When analysing the word order pattern in Foedera, she notices that Norman French was more in favour of the OV word order positioning than of the VO ones, and this fact led to the development of OV word order configuration in the English language after the Norman Conquest. Kida believes that this change in word order disposition in English must have probably come via an increasing quantity of bilingual speakers, speaking both English and Norman French, who created more OV word order structures in English than monolingual native speakers. Nonetheless, this influence was not permanent as English went back to its VO word order few years subsequent to the Norma n Conquest. Another grammatical characteristic of Norman French comparable to the English grammar is the placement of modifiers in front line of the noun. This explains why English did not dispose of premodification in the Middle Ages and still preserves this feature in Modern English. Premodification is generally a feature of OV languages and English had a VO structure. Hence, it can be deduced that Anglo-Norman played also a role in the conservation of premodification in English up to the present day (Kida, 2007 285-290).French influence is most obviously marked in the spelling. New conventions were used for the S sound creating spellings such as and eventually . The word house had an u sound, so the Old English spelling was . However the u sound was represented by ou in French, therefore, the spelling was changed to . The pronunciation of the word changed later in time (Knowles, 1997 40-50). Other French conventions were adopted in English such as the use of for and for (Fr eeborn, 2001 82).Mustoja (1960 45) affirms that the influence of foreign languages such as Latin and French plays a considerable role in the development of gender in Middle English. This is due to a large proportion of ME literature being translated directly from French. Additionally, the authors of original works were ordinarily acquainted with French. Therefore, it frequently occurs that a noun is assigned the gender of the corresponding French noun even though it is not a direct loan. For example, death (OE masculine) becomes feminine in ME under the influence of French la mort. Also moon (OE mone), which is masculine in Old English, has become feminine in ME, again influenced by French la lune. Ship (OE scip, neuter) becomes feminine in ME on the analogy of OF la nef. But the nouns moon and ship have often been encountered as masculine nouns as well. This dual application of genders to the same noun is explained as the general confusion between the masculine and feminine forms of the definite article in Picard and Anglo-Norman (Mustanoja, 1960 47) two OF dialects which played a key role in the influence of French upon Middle English.ConclusionThe Norman Conquest has had a significant impact on the English language. As the examples above demonstrate, the invasion has influenced English considerably not only in terms of vocabulary but also spelling, pronunciation and grammar. If English is today the richest It is astonishing that engli